Visiting the Whitney Plantation

Tags

History, Louisiana, Racial Justice

I had the opportunity to visit the Whitney Planation on Sunday with a group of NOSHA  folks. The plantation is about 45 minutes from New Orleans along the Mississippi River but it takes you back in time to a dark period of our history – when our country was being built on the backs of slaves.

This is the only plantation in Louisiana that tells the story of slavery with the exclusive focus on the lives of enslaved people. You begin by reading about the Western slave trade from the beginning (the papal decree of 1452) followed by information about slavery in the United States in general, in Louisiana specifically and at the Whitney Planation in detail (initially established in 1752 to farm indigo and still an active sugar cane plantation decades after the Civil War).

The plantation is a mix of original structures and replicas. The hour long guided tour begins with a video in the Antioch (originally named Anti-Yoke) church established by free people of color in a nearby parish. Throughout the interior are a number of clay statues to the children of the plantation. They are a stark reminder of how many childhoods were lost during that shameful period of American history.

Outside is the Wall of Honor listing the slaves of the plantation. As their team of researchers discovers more, that info is placed on plaques in the area. A lot of the oral history used is based on narratives collected during the Great Depression in the 1930’s by the Federal Writers Project (part of FDR’s Works Progress Administration). Many of those who were still alive to tell their stories had been children at the time of emancipation.

Reflecting on the wall

Next stop was a memorial garden of the 107,000 enslaved people of Louisiana that lists all the names that have so far been found – some with dates of birth and place of origin, some with nothing but a name. Inset in large type among the names are quotes on daily life, punishments and forced breedings taken from the oral histories. At the end of the memorial is an artist’s rendition of a longboat – the small boats that brought slaves from the slave ship to the shore.

We next visited the Field of Angels which memorializes 2,200 enslaved children who died in St. John the Baptist Parish. The number comes from the records of the Archdiocese of New Orleans, as the Catholic Church required all children to be baptized during that time.

Angel cradling a baby

We then walked to the slave quarters – basic 2 room structures that, during harvest, could have more than 10 people per room. Not a very restful place after working a 16 hour day – hardly heated in winter and no way to cool in the summer. From there we moved past many of the other structures (some still in the restoration process and not yet open to the public) to the Big House. We passed a steel jail where slaves were kept prior to auction, the overseers house, the blacksmiths shop, the carriage house, smokehouses and the kitchen (separate from the house because of the danger of fire).

Even the Big House is centered on the enslaved folks who worked it – we entered through the back door, as slaves were required to do and saw the small child who was the companion slave of the mistress. Before the tour starts, each visitor is given a name of a child on a card and Hannah’s story was the one I wore around my neck.

Not all of the buildings or objects within them are intrinsic to the plantation but, rather, have been brought to it from other locations to tell the whole story of slavery. Doing so may not be authentic to the plantation’s history but it definitely increases their impact. Seeing everything in one place is powerfully moving.

The final exhibit contains sculpted heads, which are replicas of those beheaded for their role in the 1811 German Coast slave revolt. About 500 enslaved people rose up in several parishes, planning to travel along the Mississippi to New Orleans where they would take the city and free the black people. Federal troops ended the uprising on the third day, once the escaped slaves ran out of ammunition. Those captured were executed and their heads were displayed on poles along 60 miles of the river as a warning to the other slaves.

This is not a museum to the genteel Antebellum period that you’ll get from other plantations. This is not a nostalgic look back at life before the Civil War. Instead, it is the monument to the Confederacy that we all should see.

The Whitney Plantation makes real the truth of how America was made and covers history from a perspective many of us have never considered when we think of our nation’s past.

It is a very personal reckoning of the human toll of slavery. And it is a reckoning more of us need to make.

Guided tours are offered everyday but Tuesday from 10am to 3 pm
Whitney Plantation – 5099 Highway 18, Wallace, LA 70049
www.whitneyplantation.com
Advance ticket purchase is recommended

Absolute Ruin of the Country

Tags

History, Racial Justice

The South Carolina and American flags fly at half-staff as the Confederate flag unfurls below at the Confederate Monument in Columbia, S.C. (Sean Rayford/Getty Images)

Instead of simply enjoying myself at the National NOW Conference, I spent time today in an online debate about removing the Confederate flag that flies over so many Southern capital buildings.

Just having it hang there is bad enough but I find it really galling when the flag of the United States was lowered to half mast following the hate crime massacre at the historic Charleston, South Carolina church, the flag of the Confederacy continued to wave from the top of the flag pole on the Columbia, South Carolina Capital grounds.

After 150 years, that flag needs to come down from our statehouses and go to rest in a museum.

Don’t tell me that the flag is a symbol of pride. Who can be proud about protecting slavery? Or for starting a war in which 750,000 soldiers died (about two percent of the population)?

I will state it clearly – the South went to war over slavery.

Don’t believe me?

Please read words of the leaders of the successions movement and the documents from the time:

In its declaration of secession, Mississippi stated, “Our position is thoroughly identified with the institution of slavery — the greatest material interest of the world … a blow at slavery is a blow at commerce and civilization.”

In its justification of secession, Texas sums up its view of a union built upon slavery: “We hold as undeniable truths that the governments of the various States, and of the confederacy itself, were established exclusively by the white race, for themselves and their posterity; that the African race had no agency in their establishment; that they were rightfully held and regarded as an inferior and dependent race, and in that condition only could their existence in this country be rendered beneficial or tolerable.”

To read other states Declarations of Succession, go to Declarations of Causes of Seceding States. South Carolina’s is very interesting, as they actually argue against states rights on the issue of returning escaped slaves.

Slavery was embedded in the Confederate Constitution:

• Article I, Section 9, Paragraph 4: “No bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law denying or impairing the right of property in negro slaves shall be passed.”
• Article IV, Section 3, Paragraph 3: “The Confederate States may acquire new territory . . . In all such territory, the institution of negro slavery, as it now exists in the Confederate States, shall be recognized and protected by Congress and the territorial government.”

Let us not mince words. The South sought to destroy the United States, not only through war but in the very act of secession. The Confederates started and lost a war that very nearly destroyed the country. The cause was unjust, the economic justification despicable. Their very actions were treasonous.

That is the real heritage of the Confederate flag.

This is hard for me. I’m speaking as someone who had members of her family who fought for the Southern side (and one who spent time in an Ohio prisoner of war camp) but I tell you there is no moral high ground here.

Even the Supreme Court has ruled that refusing to print a Confederate flag on a state license plate is not a violation of the First Amendment regarding free speech. When Texas turned down a plate featuring the Confederate flag, the board of the Motor Vehicles Department said, “A significant portion of the public,” the board said, “associates the Confederate flag with organizations advocating expressions of hate directed toward people or groups that is demeaning to those people or groups.”

If the Texas bureaucracy can see that, I would hope the rest of us can, too.

It has been a 150 years. It is time for the Confederate flags on public buildings to come down!

Here are a couple of petitions. Maybe they work but putting your name on them is just the first step.

https://www.change.org/p/all-legislators-nationwide-make-all-states-that-have-a-confederate-flag-in-a-government-building-remove-it

http://petitions.moveon.org/sign/remove-the-confederate-3

The next step is working with your state’s legislature to bring them all down.

***

The quote in the title is from Virginia Senator Robert Mercer Taliaferro Hunter. As printed in the Congressional Globe, Senate, 31st Congress, 1st Session on March 25, 1850, he said, “What if I can show that if the object of emancipating our slaves in the South were accomplished, the infallible consequence would be the absolute ruin of the country?”